Online Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1368 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 2.4.4 Navigation For the online store layout design, character organization and ease of use or accessibility, navigation is an important aspect to the userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interface. Nielsen and Norman(2000) state that consumer cognition of the trust of e-vendors and attitude is highly influenced by the website interface design. The interaction of products or service information between clients and e-vendors will be influenced by user interface of e-store in website. a well-designed user interface could minimise cost of searching to clients and reduce the used time for online shopping. When the internet is fast, online shopping is fun and pleasurable, unmixed easy to follow steps by clients, will reduce time spend on shopping and clients find out how to purchase better according to their needs, Li Zhang (2002). Also, the help function should be put in navigation, which will assist clientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to deal accordingly with the problems they face. Se rial navigation applications such as search engine and site maps are made available to clients to assist them in choosing and purchasing products online by many e-stores. 2.4.5 Online security In e-commerce the security of online transaction is seen as the key factor which is repeatedly debated on, Elliot Fewell (2000). Furnell Karweni (1999) expressed that due to lack of faith in online marketers, clients tend to be more concerned with their personal information all these due to the insecurity brought about by the online market. Financial statements and privacy is seen as the most important to clients compared to other things. The well being of a clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal information is not well explained and the procedure of how it is done not elaborated on even as the online stores sites give policies for protection of customer personal information and claim secure online transaction. Gaining the faith of clients by online marketers is still a big problem even th ough information technology has highly evolved to insure high security levels, Roy et al (2001). Online clients are afraid of the security system of third party cheating characters, especially when they are not assured of their credit cards information safety, observed Miyazaki Fernadez (2001). Clientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ financial information and identity codes may be leaked during a transaction, and this is a scenario that really exists in online transaction environment. Even when online shopping has many advantages such as relatively low prices and a variety of products to choose from, customers may opt for traditional purchase of goods just because of their information insecurity, Brown Muchira (2004). 2.5 Information risks E-commerce in the 21st century is an unavoidable trend; the biggest hindrance to influence its development being the risk, China is still in its starting stage in the development of electronic trade and has a clear understanding that to take the risk is essential. From the characteristics of e-commerce, the risk can be divided into internal risk and external risk, the risk of information belongs to the external risk. Information risk is seen as in the information sharing process, the accuracy of the information, hysteresis or other hard result from information in-division and the severity of information pollution phenomenon according to Chen Qin (2008). Generally, information risk is from information asymmetry and information insecurity. 2.5.1 Information Asymmetry The problem in controlling the outcome that causes evasion of risk by a business partner is known as information asymmetry, Kumar van Dissel (1996). Moreover, it can be elucidated as where different business parties dealing with each other understand the information differently; the vendor is more enlightened while the client is less informed. Briefly, information asymmetry is that in market transaction, when one party of the transaction cannot observe or sup ervise the act of the other party, or the observation and supervision are expensive, the information gotten may also be incomplete, hence, both parties of the transaction will understand asymmetrical information differently. In information asymmetry in the market there are generally two kinds: the vendors have more information than the clients, and the buyers are more enlightened than the vendors, Salam et al (2003). The first one is the main form in many goods market. In the process of online purchase, customers need to research for many goods information to decide, add the accurate products function description, the best price information, the trustworthy commodity information from website forum, credit card information security on the website etc. The Internet just like an information hodgepodge, many e-marketers give invalid information driven by selfishness and inconsideration to the clientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interests. The result of information asymmetry includes adverse selec tion risk and moral risk. 2.5.1.1 Adverse selection risk Theoretically, one of merits of online transaction is through many of network technology clients are enable to get all the needed information conveniently and within very limited period of time, hence enable information sharing, Chen Qin (2008). However, the business enterprises often from their selfishness end up hiding important product information like commercial secret from clients. Consequently, the vendor has more product information but the customer has only limited information, this makes the client to lack to make accurate evaluation of the quality and cost of products, with this average kind of market, the outcome is vendors being left with the high quality products. 2.5.1.2 Moral risk Moral risk is mostly done as a cheating character. Like the behaviours of the internet, the clients get information that is posted and broadcasted by vendors, and then decide on the costs, use of products which may include incorrect information based on that information. For example, clients cannot receive the goods after payment, or the vendors provide the poor quality products to customers and they keep changing the description and also do not carry out their parts after the purchase according to the deal. Miyazaki and Fernandez (2001) reported that 56.4% of consumers have met the unauthenticated information when shopping online, 40.9% customers had encountered the commitment of online service but the e-vendors failed to fulfil their end of the bargain, and 36.1% online customers stated that it was impossible to contact the customer care centre or their complaint via the phone or email was ignored point blank. More so, some fraudsters use non trustable emails or false website to cheat shoppers, then victimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ financial information such as credit card number, account detail is usually shared. The scammers usually hide their identities as bank staff, online retailers or credit card co mpanies to attract users to give personal information, once they key in the information; it is stolen by disguised viruses. Research indicates that more than 5% of people who see the scams will respond to them among them being some who have already being cheated before, Contantinide (2004). Clients tend to lose trust in online shopping due to all these cheating characters. Hence, e-marketers should provide trustworthy and secure information environment to minimize the situation of information asymmetry. 2.5.2 Information security risk Recently, scholars have not come to an agreement on how to generally explain online shopping risk but the security of information security is mostly known as field of e-commerce risk, Ngai Wat (2005). Greenstein (2000) views risk as risk information linked with possible physical, mental or financial lose of confidential data or its destruction, generation or making use of data or programs that can harm the other party. Information insecurity may cause client indecision, when dealing with online purchase especially. Information security and privacy are important to the indecision linked with how personal information is dealt with by e-vendors and who is allowed to access it, Tsai Yeh (2010). Personal information in a numerical form can be easily duplicated, shared, and used, which enable e-marketers to establish and be more enlightened about clients. Hence, this information could bring about serious insecurity of inappropriate clients with personalized services and other merits, Malhotra (2004) It is through open network of online purchase that, the computer system is widely used to store, transmit and transact information like statement information, invoice information, information to negotiate and personal business documents. The threats of information security are mostly usually from a variety of things that keep evolving. Forsythe et al (2006) stated that the most common threats are hacking, malicious attacks and co mputer virus; other aspects are like physical damage, personal destruction and natural calamities. Hence, client information security needs to be guaranteed as the information security technology of network system is very important in the e-purchase environment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Online Business" essay for you Create order

Beowulf Literary Analysis Essay - 869 Words

Ronis Aba September 27th, 2012 Period 6th â€Å"No better king had ever lived, no prince so mild, no man so open to his people, so deserving of praise.† This is an ultimate description of the heroic events of Beowulf, an old Anglo-Saxon poem about a warrior who battles and destroys three horrifying monsters. Although written long ago, the emotions expressed within this work, emotions of bravery, valor, and ethics still speak to us centuries later. The anonymous author of the poem convinces us through the masterful use of various literary elements that emphasize its meaning and message. Conflict, imagery and setting are three literary elements that contribute to the effectiveness of the poem. The use of conflict aids†¦show more content†¦Another literary element that offer meaning to the poem is imagery, by simply allowing the readers to envision the events of the story. In the first part of the story (129-134), Beowulf is described as coming over â€Å"seas beating at the sand† while â€Å"the ship fo amed through the sea like a bird.† This scene truly guides the readers to admire the vivid description of how proud and tough the ship looks. This ship in this case, becomes a metonymy for Beowulf himself, who is certainly proud and strong, resulting in the readers’ admiration. Additional imagery is used describing the mere, or lake, discussed above, with â€Å"storms [an] waves splash[ing] towards the sky, as dark as the air as black as the rain that the heavens weep† (440-442). This clearly illustrates how dreadful Grendel and his mothers’ home is. It intensely aids us to picture how grotesquely unpleasant the lake actually is. Near the end of the tale (lines 651-653], Beowulf â€Å"[strides] with his shield at his side and a mail shirt of his breast†¦.. Toward the tower, under the rocky cliffs.† While Beowulf awaits the battle, the description of his armor and the details of each entry help us to respect how ready he is for his concluding ba ttle. Even as an elderly man, Beowulf is a hero beyond compare. In closing, the use of imagery greatly enriches the readers’ experience of this heroic epic. Evidently, the setting of Beowulf helps the readers to better understand the cultures and events that occur in theShow MoreRelatedA Critical Appraisal of: Beowulf and Gilgamesh Essay examples1640 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Appraisal of: Beowulf and Gilgamesh There are many differences and critical comparisons that can be drawn between the epics of Beowulf and Gilgamesh. Both are historical poems which shape their respected culture and both have major social, cultural, and political impacts on the development of western civilization literature and writing. 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Speech Final Review free essay sample

When a speaker is aware of the rhetorical situation, he or she is audience-centered. 9. A clearly defined speech purpose or goal is necessary for an effective speech. H. Establishing a speech purpose early helps the speaker maintain a clear focus. Frame of Reference Sum of knowledge, experience, goals, values, attitudes, and culture. Everything is filtered through the frame of reference. No two people have the same frame of reference. Listening What Are The Four Types of Listening? Appreciative- for pleasure or enjoyment Empathetic- to provide emotional support for speakerComprehensive- understanding speakers message What Are The Causes Of Poor Listening Skills? Not concentrating, listening too hard, Jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery or personal appearance. (Obstacles to active listening include cultural barriers; environmental, emotional, sand physiological distractions; daydreaming; scriptwriting and defensive listening; and laziness and overconfidence) Focus Your Listening What Should You Listen For? Take listening seriously, resist distractions, dont be diverted by appearance or delivery, suspend Judgment, develop note taking skills, focus listening: Main Points,Evidence, Technique. (listen for the speakers thesis or main point; and evaluate the speakers evidence, nonverbal cues, organizational patterns, set listening goals) Speaking To Inform The Four Types of Informative Speeches 1 . Speech of definition focuses on addressing the meaning of a new or complex concept. 2. Speech of description offers a vivid portrayal of the subject. 3. Speech of explanation gives a step by step lesson on how to do something. 4. Speech of demonstration involves providing reasons or causes, demonstrating relationships, and offering interpretation and analysis.Guidelines For Informative Speaking (Hint: There are 5) 1 . Dont overestimate what the audience knows. 2. Relate the subject directly to the audience. 3. Dont be too technical. 4. Avoid abstractions (use description, compare and contrast) 5. Personalize your ideas. Selecting A Topic and Purpose; Chi. 4 Choosing a Topic Choose one you know a lot about (personal experience, Job, vacations, unusual experiences, pre-researched topics, things you want to learn more about) Brainstorming, clustering, broad goal of speech: to inform, to persuade. Specific Purpose Statements Full initial phrase. Include who you are speaking to. Single phrase that is a statement. States what speaker hopes to accomplish/ wants to know, avoid figurative Learning Research and PAPA Testimony- eyewitness accounts, peoples opinions, firsthand findings, expert- an astronaut taking about g force, lay- a person who witnessed a robbery, quote- a paraphrase accurately, identify the quote. Logical supporting material- books, newspapers, magazines, internet.How To Tell A Website Is Credible Author Information on the internet with a listed author is one indication of a redouble site. The fact that the author is willing to stand behind the information presented (and in some cases, include his or her contact information) is a good indication that the information is reliable. Date The date of any research information is important, including information found on the Internet. By including a date, the website allows readers to make decisions about whether that information is recent enough for their purposes.Sources Credible websites, like books and scholarly articles, should cite the source of the information presented. Domain Some domains such as . Com, . Org, and . Net can be purchased and used by any individual. However, the domain . Dude is reserved for colleges and universities, while . Gob denotes a government website. These two are usually credible sources for information (though occasionally a university will assign a . Dude address to each of its students for personal use, in which case use caution when citing).Be careful with the domain . Org, because . Org is usually used by non-profit organizations which may have an agenda of persuasion rather than education. Site Design This can be very objective, but a well-designed site can be an indication of more reliable information. Good design helps make information more easily accessible. Writing Style Poor spelling and grammar are an indication that the site may not be credible. In an effort to make the information presented easy to understand, credible sites watch writing style closely.Analyzing the Audience; Chi. 5 Audience-centeredness Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech presentation and preparation. (Gathering/analyzing info about audience With the this info you can prepare your speech meaningfully. To whom am I peaking? What do I want them to know/believe/do? ) Identification common values, goals, and experiences. The Psychology of Audiences People want to hear things that are meaningful. Egocentrics- people being concerned with their own thoughts. Stereotyping- creating an oversimplified image.Situational Audience Analysis Size- Larger (more formal) Physical Setting- indoors/outdoors, hot/cold? Disposition of audience towards the topic The speaker Occasion Organizing Your Speech How Can An Organized Speech Help A Speaker? Make the message better to understand, increase the speakers competence and righteousness in the minds of listeners, organizes thoughts, easier to listeners to comprehend, listeners find speakers who give well-organized speeches more competent and trustworthy, better critical thinking which will help in life.How Many Main Points Should A Speech Have? Two to five (seven at most) Transition Sentences Indicates the speaker has finished and is moving on. Beginning and Ending the Speech The Introduction now that we have a clear Attention getter, establish credibility, reveal topic, preview body of speech. Established the purpose of a speech and shows its relevance to the audience. Should You Write Your Introduction First? No, Last. Humor, story, discussing a problem, interesting fact or statistic, quietest. What Things Should The Introduction Contain?The Conclusion The conclusion beings closure to the speech by restating the purpose, summarizing main points, and reiterating why the thesis is relevant to the audience. Outlining the Speech What Should The Detailed Outline Contain? Each main and supporting point is stated in sentence form as a declarative statement. What Should The Key-Word Outline Contain? Uses the smallest possible units of understanding to outline the main and purporting points. Delivery Speaking Extemporaneously Falls somewhere between impromptu and written or memorized deliveries.You prepare well and price in advance, giving full attention to all the facets of the speech. You speak from an outline of key words and phrases. The Speakers Voice Volume, pitch, rate, pauses, vocal variety, gives voice expressions, pronunciation, articulation. Rate The pace at which you convey the speech. Pauses Enhance meaning by providing a type of punctuation, emphasizing a point, drawing attention to a thought, or Just allowing a listener a moment to contemplate what is Ewing said. Pronunciation The correct formulation of word sounds.Articulation The clarity or forcefulness with which the sounds are made, regardless of whether they are pronounced correctly. The Speakers Body Audience evaluating facial movements, eye behavior, gestures, and general body words, the rest is body language and nonverbal communication. 38% from voice and 55% from the speakers body and appearance. When Should A Speaker Be Concerned About Their Appearance? Dress nice because it is what the audience first notices. Using Language; Chi. 11 Connotative vs..Denotative Definitions Denotative- the literal or dictionary definition of a work. Connotative- the meaning suggested by associations or emotions triggered by a word or a phrase. Concrete vs.. Abstract Words Concrete- words that refer to tangible objects. Abstract- words that refer to ideas or concepts. Using Language Appropriately Be accurate, clear, vivid, make language appropriate to occasion, audience, topic and speaker. Speaking to Persuade; Chi. 15 Ethos, Pathos, Logos (PPTP Lecture) Ethos- the trustworthiness or credibility of the writer or speaker.Ethos is often involved through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer or speaker refers to differing views Logos- the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of its supporting evidence Pathos- associated with emotional appeal (sympathies and imagination) (Ethos: the sources credibility, the speakers/authors authority Logos: the logic used to support a claim (induction and deduction); can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument. Pathos: the emotional or motivational appeals; vivid language, emotional language and numerous sensory details. The Target Audience The portion of the whole audience that the speaker wants most to persuade. What Are Questions of Fact? What Are Questions of Value? Question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action. What Are Questions of Policy? A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken. Ethics; Chi. 2 How Should We Make Ethical Decisions? Ethics- The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. We formulate ethical guidelines, not inflexible rules.Guided by your values, your conscience, your sense of right and wrong Weighing attention course of action against ethical standards Guidelines For Ethical Speaking Make ethically sound goals Be fully prepared and informed about your subject Be honest Avoid name-calling, abusive language Put principles into practice Plagiarism Presenting another persons language or ideas as ones own Global Plagiarism Stealing speech from single source, passing it off as ones own Patchwork Plagiarism Stealing ideas, language from two or three sources passing them off as ones own Incremental Plagiarism Failing to give credit for parts of speech borrowed from others Quoting Paraphrasing Cite sources when using Internet materials Take careful notes Unethical websites essays;arithmetician. Mom The 1st Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Hugh M. Heifer First Amendment Award Schools and Faceable under the First Amendment? Slippery Slope Organize your thoughts logically, tailoring your message to your audience, telling a Tory for maximum impact, and adapting to listener feedback are A. Differences between Public speaking and conversations B. Messages C. Similarities between Public speaking and conversations D. Channels is more highly structured, more formal language, and requires a different method of delivery. A. Public Speaking B. Conversations C. Channels D. Messages b Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. A.Visualization B. Stage fright C. Positive nervousness D. Adrenaline d A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress. A. Visualization Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation. A. Visualization Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation. A. Visualization Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion. A. Speaker C. Critical thinking The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener. A. Speaker B. Message D.Channel Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. The person who receives the speakers message. A. Feedback B. Listener C. Frame of Reference The sum of a persons knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference. A. Feedback The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. A. Feedback Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners. A. Situation B. Ethnocentrism C. Interference The time and place in which speech communication occurs The belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.